Diagnosis Prognosis And Treatment Plan OF Periodontal Diseases

The signs and symptoms of periodontal disease :
1-Gingival color: Any deviation from the normal color of the gingival may be an indication of a pathological condition.Dark red discoloration of the gingival margin and the interdental papillae is an early sign of a gingival lesion.
2-Texture: If the gingiva becomes inflamed,there will be edema,cellular infiltration,with subsequent swelling.
3-Contour and position: In early gingival involvement,margin of gingiva becomes rounded and bulbous.
4-Bleeding and exudation: Bleeding and exudation are signs of periodontal disease.Both are possible when ulcerations of sulcular epithelium occur, exposing underlying connective tissue.
5-Pockets: A pocket is defined as a deepened pathological gingival sulcus. Measuring the depth of the gingival sulcus alone must not make the diagnosis of pocket,but the condition of the gingival tissue must be taken into consideration.The signs and symptoms of pocket formation are those of gingival inflammation: discoloration,loss of contour,loss of stippling,bleeding, presence of exudates and increased depth of the gingival sulcus.
6-Mobility: Mobility of teeth may be correlated with the degree of the attachment by marginal resorption of bone and to the changes in the attachment apparatus.Inrare cases,mobility may be associated with periodontosis,which is a degenerative disease of the periodontium.
7-Migration: Migration is a pathological movement of the teeth in a labial, distal or mesial direction or in supraocclusion position. Migration is a characteristic sign of periodontal disease.aminaa
8-Bone involvement: This is studied by radiographic examination cup shape resorption of the alveolar crest in the molar region,and cup shape resorption or flat resorption in the anterior region is an indication of an inflammatory penitential involvement which has reached the underlying bone.
9-Periodontal abscess: Periodont abcess is an acute exacerbation of a periodontal pocket.It occurs in pockets with narrow orifices where pus is collected.If the patient suffers from multiple acute periodontal abscess formation,diabetes must be suspected.
10-Gingival abscess: Gingival abscess is a localized collection of pus in the marginal gingiva.It is due to injury by a foreign body as apple core,lobster shell,fish bone,or a bristle of a toothbrush. In contrast to periodontal abscess,it involves the superficial tissues of the periodontium and not the deeper structures.